Nicotine Is Widely Used

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Nicotine is widely used

2018-11-06

Nicotine, commonly known as nicotine, belongs to the pyridine alkaloid and has a strong physiological effect on humans. When smoking, it can absorb the proper amount of nicotine, can excite the spirit, eliminate fatigue, increase thinking ability and improve work efficiency, but excessive smoke Alkali can act as a suppressor and paralysis. Because nicotine has certain characteristics, the production and use of nicotine is more and more extensive, and it has broad development prospects.

First, the characteristics of nicotine

1. Physical properties: Nicotine is a colorless oily liquid at room temperature, soluble in water, and soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents. The boiling point is 248 ° C under normal pressure and 1.01 at 20 ° C. It can escape with water vapor in an alkaline solution, and its content can be measured by a spectrophotometer.

2. Chemical properties: Nicotine has two nitrogen-containing heterocycles (ie, a pyridine ring and a pyrrole ring) linked by a single bond in a chemical structure, so that nicotine can be protonated with an acidic substance to form a salt.

When the pH of the solution is 7, 90% of the nicotine is protonated to form a salt, and nicotine is used to produce nicotine salt and sulfuric acid and nicotine citrate. When the nicotine salt and the dilute solution of the strong base act again, the free ion nicotine is generated, and all the nicotine salts can be converted into the free ion nicotine by using this property. Nicotine can be precipitated by tungstic acid in an acidic solution. The laboratory uses this property to determine the nicotine content of tobacco by gravimetric method.

Second, the application and development prospects of nicotine

With the rapid development of the market economy, the application of nicotine is more and more extensive, and there are large markets at home and abroad, so nicotine has broad prospects for development. In recent years, with the development of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, defense, agriculture and tobacco industries, the demand for nicotine in the market is increasing. At present, the price of natural nicotine crude products in the domestic and international market is 40% per ton, the price per ton of 98% is 80,000 yuan, and the high-purity natural nicotine content of 98.5% or more is the transaction price in the international market. It is 100 US dollars for 1 kilogram, equivalent to 1 ton and 100,000 US dollars. From the application of the following natural nicotine, its development prospects are more apparent.

1. Application in agriculture: Nicotine is the best non-residue pesticide and is a traditional plant insecticide. At present, the pesticide residues used on crops are seriously exceeded, or poor treatment will affect personal health, but 40% of natural nicotine is used as a highly effective pesticide pesticide on food, vegetables, oilseeds and fruits, due to short nicotine. Time will be broken down, that is, no residue and no harm. The use of nicotine as a pesticide is not estimated.

2. Application in the pharmaceutical industry: Nicotine is used as a special raw material for the development of diseases such as cardiovascular, viper and insect bites. The use of nicotine can synthesize nicotinic acid for the production of nicotinamide, and is also a traditional pharmaceutical raw material for the production of nicotinic acid inositol. Nicotine is also a good raw material for daily use of cosmetics and skin care products.

3. Application of natural nicotine in the cigarette industry: Natural nicotine is a mixture of nicotine and some aroma components in tobacco leaves, which is different in nature and function from pure chemical nicotine. Flavors formulated with natural nicotine have a significant effect of increasing aroma and strength. Some tobacco factories add natural nicotine to flavors and fragrances, reducing the amount of superior tobacco leaves in the leaf formula and reducing the cost of cigarettes. . Sichuan's nicotine production and industrial applications have developed rapidly. There are now five tobacco factories that use natural nicotine on nearly ten cigarette brands to increase the aroma and strength of cigarettes and improve the intrinsic quality of cigarettes. Since 1991, Chengdu Tobacco Factory has started trial production of natural nicotine-containing cigarette products. After putting into production, the effect is obvious, reducing the amount of leaf and middle-grade tobacco leaves, reducing the cost of single-box cigarettes by 36 yuan; reducing cigarette formula in 1992 The cost is 3.2 million yuan.

With the gradual reduction of cigarette tar content, the demand for natural nicotine in the cigarette industry is increasing.

Reducing the tar content of cigarettes is the main measure to improve the safety of cigarettes. However, with the decrease of tar content, the aroma and strength of cigarettes are also decreasing. At present, the average tar content of cigarettes in our province is 20mg per cigarette and the nicotine is about 1.2mg. When the tar content is reduced by 1 mg, nicotine is also reduced by 0.06 mg. If the tar is reduced to 15 mg, the nicotine is reduced to 0.9 mg. At this time, the safety of the cigarette is very high, but when the nicotine is less than 1 mg, Smokers will feel the taste is light and tasteless, affecting sales. To change this situation, only natural nicotine is added to the cigarette to improve the aroma and strength of the cigarette. There are many ways to apply natural nicotine, which can be added to the flavor and fragrance, or sprayed onto the tobacco, and can be added to the tobacco sheet, the filter rod and the cigarette paper.

According to the relevant information, the ratio of tar and nicotine is 10:1. When the cigarette tar is reduced to 15mg, the nicotine of each cigarette should reach 1.5mg to meet the ideal ratio. The current situation is when the cigarette tar drops. At 15 mg, the nicotine content is reduced to 0.9 mg. To make nicotine reach 1.5 mg, each cigarette should be increased by 0.6 mg of nicotine, and a large box of tobacco needs to increase 33.8 g of nicotine. The annual output of cigarettes in our province is 2.26 million boxes, and the amount of nicotine required per year is quite large. The National Tobacco Monopoly Administration required that by the year 2000, the tar content of cigarettes in the whole industry would drop to 15 mg on average, which shows that the production and application of natural nicotine is promising.